^^-V^vt^^ln, 


We  OUTDOOR 
cXDVERTISING  tXSSOCIATION 


GENERAL  INFORMATION 

ON  PLANT  CONSTRUCTION  AND 

MAINTENANCE 

MAY  1,  1917 


REGULATIONS 


FOR  THE 


PROPER  CONSTRUCTION,  MAINTENANCE 
AND  OPERATION 


OF 


Standard  Painted  Bulletin  Advertising  Plants 

AS  PRESCRIBED  BY  THE  MEMBERS 

OF 

THE  OUTDOOR  ADVERTISING  ASSOCIATION 
UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA 


THE  OUTDOOR  ADVERTISING  ASSOCIATION 

19  17 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2011  with  funding  from 
Duke  University  Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/regulationsforprOOoutd 


PREFACE 

THIS  publication  is  intended  primarily  as  a  text-book  for  the  purpose  of  care- 
fully  and   plainly   outlining   to   every   member   of   the   Outdoor   Advertising 
Association  the  requirements  with  reference  to  the  construction,  maintenance 
and  operation   of  painted  bulletin  advertising  plants  and  the  service  which 
this  Association  demands  from  each  of  its  members.      Every  member  is  urged  to 
keep   this   text-book   constantly  before  him  and  to  carefully  and  thoroughly  live  up 
to  all  of  the  regulations  contained  herein. 

A  uniform  standard  structure  with  uniform  high-grade  service  delivered  in 
every  city  and  town  throughout  the  country  is  the  essential  thing  for  the  success 
of  outdoor  advertising,  and  each  member  is  urged  to  do  his  share  toward  accom- 
plishing this  end  by  adhering  strictly  to  all  of  the  specifications,  standards,  rules 
and  regulations  set  down  in  this  book. 

An  additional  purpose  is  to  help  in  further  developing  that  service  and  to 
ultimately  secure  for  the  users  of  outdoor  advertising  throughout  the  United  States 
and  Canada  an  absolute  standard  which  will  be  as  near  perfect  as  human 
limitations   will   permit. 

To  promote  and  assure  this  result  the  Association  has  adopted  a  rigid  system 
of  plant  inspection.  Competent  inspectors  constantly  cover  every  section  of  the 
country,  and  their  duties  are  to  see  that  members  maintain  this  standard  service 
at  all  times,  and  also  to  promote  the  extension  of  the  service  furnished  advertisers 
to  every  city,  town  and  hamlet  within  our  jurisdiction. 

Separate  and  enlarged  copies  of  all  plans  of  construction  shown  herein  may 
be  obtained  at  a  nominal  cost  from  the  Secretary. 


[PAGE  THRHKl 


CONSTRUCTION  OF  PAINTED  BULLETIN  BOARDS 

The  physical  condition  of  painted  bulletin  plants  is  becoming  a  larger  factor 
every  day  as  an  aid  in  selling  the  medium,  and  as  a  means  of  bringing  about  a 
lower  cost  of  plant  maintenance. 

The  plans  submitted  in  this  publication  have  been  drawn  after  careful  study 
and  exhaustive  tests  of  the  various  types  of  structures  built  by  the  members.  Al- 
though the  type  of  construction  set  forth  herein  may  appear  new  and  different 
to  some  of  the  members,  it  is  suggested  that  all  members  adhere  rigidly  to  these 
plans  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  they  will  provide  safe  structures,  while  the  material 
required  is  not  in  excess  of  the  material  required  for  any  other  structure  of  the 
same  size  which  may  offer  an  equal  resistance  to  wind  pressure.  It  must  be  borne 
in  mind  that  the  strength  of  any  timber  in  a  frame  or  bent  cannot  beneficially  exert 
its  strength  unless  it  is  so  fastened  within  the  frame  that  it  may  receive  the  full 
strength  from  any  other  member  or  members.  For  this  reason  it  is  necessary 
that  the  proper  size  of  nails  and  the  requisite  number  should  be  used  in  all  joints 
as  shown  in  the  plans.  These  plans  provide  for  structures  to  withstand  a  wind 
pressure  of  30  tbs.  per  square  foot,  which  is  the  pressure  exerted  by  a  wind  with  a 
velocity  of  seventy-five  miles  per  hour.  Many  city  ordinances  require  that  all 
structures  be  built  to  withstand  such  a  wind  and  as  it  is  the  desire  of  the  members 
of  the  Association  to  build  their  structures  equally  as  strong  as  the  best  class  of 
buildings  in  the  town  or  city,  it  is  strongly  urged  that  all  members  adhere  as  closely 
as  possible  to  the  plans  given  herein.  It  is  also  suggested  that  the  plant  owners 
familiarize  themselves  with  the  names  of  the  various  members  in  a  bent  or  frame, 
as  shown  in  these  plans,  for  these  are  the  terms  used  in  common  practice  and  in 
a  discussion  of  the  method  of  building  bulletin  boards  with  other  plant  owners, 
or  more  particularly,  city  engineers,  they  may  make  themselves  clearly  understood. 

The  use  of  the  Kleiser  anchor,  which  is  made  of  a  4x6,  five  feet  long  w^ith  two 
or  four  wedges  as  specified  in  the  plans,  has  shown  by  actual  test  in  the  various 
kinds  of  soil  a  strength  equal  to  double  that  of  the  old  type  of  6x8  anchor  with 
dead-men.  The  use  of  4x6  timber  for  anchors  permits  of  the  use  of  short  pieces 
of  post  material  which  heretofore  may  have  accumulated  or  may  have  been  used 
to  a  disadvantage  as  splices. 

It  is  recommended  that  the  members  of  the  Association  seek  information  from 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  Forest  Service,  w^ith  regard  to  the 
treatment  of  their  local  timber  for  preserving  the  same  against  deterioration  when 
placed  in  the  ground.  Although  the  proper  treatment  of  anchors  and  the  lower 
ends  of  posts  may  increase  the  first  cost  of  construction,  this  practice  should  eas- 
ily repay  the  plant  owner  by  means  of  a  lower  cost  of  maintenance  and  in  the 
increased  safety  of  the  boards  which  is  a  large  asset  in  the  form  of  insurance. 


[PAGE  FOUR] 


STANDARDIZATION  OF  PLANTS 

Resolution  adopted  Nov.  24th,  1916  that  each  plant  owner  be  noti- 
fied that  he  must  begin  immediately  to  put  his  plant  into  proper  units 
and  that  he  must  equip  all  regular  city  bulletins  with  pilcisters  as  illustrat- 
ed in  the  Book  of  Instructions.  This  to  apply  to  boards  outside  of  those 
of  a  De  Luxe  type  or  Semi-De  Luxe  type,  and  that  there  shall  be  a  col- 
umn at  the  end  of  each  unit  or  sign. 


THE  FOLLOWING  SPECIFICATIONS 
WERE  ADOPTED: 

No.  1.  There  shall  be  a  standard  moulding  at  least  5  inches  wide  with  a 
2  inch  cap  which  shall  extend  4  inches  in  front  of  the  face  of 
the  sign. 

No.  2.  Color  of  mouldings  and  pilasters  on  regular  plant  to  be  one  of 
the  following  neutral  colors:  Old  Gold,  Old  Ivory,  Gray  or 
White. 

No.  3.  The  width  of  column  as  adopted  shall  be  used  uniformly  through- 
out the  entire  plant. 

No.  4.  A  neutral  color  mat  is  recommended,  to  be  10  to  15  inches  at 
top  and  bottom,  and  from  10  to  24  inches  at  ends,  but  must 
be  uniform  in  size  throughout  the  plant. 

No.  5.  When  a  standard  form  of  construction  has  been  arrived  at  it  is 
recommended  that  a  book  containing  details  of  the  same  be 
issued  by  the  Association.  Also  that  this  committee  be  au- 
thorized to  issue  said  book. 

Resolution  unaminously  adopted  February  27,  1917. 

Within  one  year  from  date  all  members  should  have  at  least  fifty 
per  cent  of  their  bulletins  readjusted  to  conform  to  the  new  requirements 
of  Pilasters,  Mats,  35  foot  Units,  Separation  from  Bill  Posting,  etc. 


rPAGE    FIVE] 


STANDARD  SECTIONS 


ILLUSTRATION  No.  5 

Showing  the  face  of  standard  section,  5 
feet  wide  by  1 0  feet  high,  made  of  26 
gauge  unannealed  galvanized  sheet  steel. 


ILLUSTRATION  No.  6 

Representing  the  back  of  standard  section 
illustrating  method  of  stiffening  batten  on 
back  of  section  by  use  of  galvanized  sheet 
steel   cleats. 


I  PAGE   SIX] 


TREATMENT  OF  SECTIONS 

It  has  been  found  necessary  to  treat  the  galvanized  surface  of  steel  sections  in 
some  manner  to  remove  the  glossy  and  apparently  greasy  surface  from  the  steel 
in  order  to  obtain  a  surface  to  vs^hich  paint  will   satisfactorily  adhere. 

Various  acids  have  been  used  for  this  purpose  w^ith  varying  results.  In  some 
cases  the  acids  have  been  so  strong  as  to  destroy  the  effect  of  the  galvanizing 
with  the  resultant  deterioration  of  the  sections.  In  other  cases  weak  acids  have 
not  sufficiently  removed  the  glossy  surface  and  the  paint  has  a  tendency  to  flake  off. 

The  manufacturers  advise  that  no  acid  of  any  kind  be  used  to  treat  the  steel, 
as  all  must  naturally  tend  to  destroy  the  galvanizing.  It  is  their  recommendation 
that  the  steel  sheets  be  permitted  to  stand  wholly  exposed  to  the  weather  for  a 
period  of  six  months  in  which  time  the  surface  will  oxidize  to  such  an  extent  that 
a  surface  will  be  created  to  which  paint  will  readily  adhere. 

Such  treatment  though  highly  commendable  is  somewhat  impracticable,  and  a 
strong  acid  vinegar  is  being  largely  used  for  the  purpose  of  treating  sections. 

The  vinegar  is  applied  with  a  brush  immediately  upon  completion  of  the  sec- 
tion. The  section  is  then  stood  on  edge  which  permits  it  to  drain  and  may  be 
used  as  soon  as  the  vinegar  is  dry. 

Members  who  have  found  satisfactory  methods  of  treating  sections  should  send 
the  Secretary  full  information  concerning  same,  that  all  may  be  advised  and  bene- 
fited. 


[r.VGE   SEVE.NJ 


STANDARD  MOULDING 


TOP  MOULDING 

Full  Size 


BOTTOM  MOULDING 

Full  Size 


[PAGE  EIGHT] 


STANDARD  MOULDING 

On  page  Eight  is  shown  in  full  size  detail  the  standard  moulding  for  paint  bulle- 
tin boards. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  top  and  bottom  edges  of  the  paint  sections 
should  be  obscured  from  view  in  order  to  obtain  a  neat  and  pleasing  sign.  There- 
fore, to  hide  the  irregularities  of  the  top  and  bottom  edges  of  the  sections  the  mould- 
ing is  designed  with  the  idea  that  one-half  inch  of  the  ends  of  the  sections  shall  be 
covered. 

On  plan  marked  "G-3"  will  be  found  a  detail  showing  the  manner  in  which 
this  moulding  is  erected.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  top  moulding  is  rabbitted  or  cut 
out  to  a  depth  of  one  and  one-half  inches,  but  the  moulding  is  so  set  that  it  covers 
but  the  top  one-half  inch  of  the  section.  This  is  done  in  order  that  the  section  may 
be  readily  lifted  up  and  slipped  out  of  the  bottom  moulding  or  replaced  by  a  reverse 
action  without   the   necessity   of   loosening  the  moulding. 

This  construction  also  tends  to  hold  the  sections  in  place  and  is  just  as  economi- 
cal as  the  old  type  of  moulding  which  had  the  same  face  detail  and  was  fastened 
in  place  with  a  one  inch  backing  or  furring  strip.  The  moulding  as  shown  is  merely 
the  combination  of  the  old  type  of  moulding  and  the  backing  and  furring  strip 
which  heretofore  was  nailed  on  separately. 

At  present  it  is  a  common  practice  to  fasten  the  sections  in  place  with  spikes. 
Experience  has  shown  that  in  the  course  of  time  sections  become  badly  battered 
and  defaced  from  constant  nailing  and  this  one  thing  of  all  others  contributes  to- 
ward defaced  and  unsatisfactory  boards. 

It  is  strongly  recommended  that  sections  be  fastened  in  place  by  the  use  of 
metal  straps,  an  inch  wide  and  1  5  to  18  inches  long,  which  are  usually  cut  from  the 
ends  of  steel  sheets  when  trimming  the  same  for  correct  sizes  to  be  made  into  sec- 
tions. These  strips  can  be  passed  between  the  batten  and  steel  face  of  the  sec- 
tions; the  two  ends  then  bent  down  or  up  over  the  stringer  and  fastened  with  one 
8d   nail. 

Other  satisfactory  section  holders,  but  more  expensive  and  complicated,  have 
been  designed  and  some  are  at  present  in  use,  but  it  would  appear  that  a  good  deal 
of  thought  might  be  given  to  this  one  subject  in  hope  that  a  more  satisfactory  solu- 
tion might  be  reached. 


[PAGE  ni>;ki 


SINGLE  DECK  BOARDS 

G-5,  on  the  opposite  pages,  shows  plans  covering  the  construction  of  single 
deck  boards  built  on  level  ground  and  in  deep  basements. 

It  will  be  noted  that  2x6's  are  shown  for  top  and  bottom  stringers;  also  the 
Kleiser  anchor  has  been  shown  in  preference  to  the  old  type  of  anchor.  The  use 
of  2x6  stringers  and  the  use  of  the  Kleiser  anchor  are  strongly  recommended  in 
order  to  meet  the  provisions  of  the  many  city  ordinances  w^hich  require  that  a 
bulletin  board  withstand  a  lateral  wind  pressure  of  from  25  to  30  fbs.  per  square 
foot  of  exposed  surface. 


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The    illustration    above    shows    the    manner   of    bracing   a   single   deck   board    built    in    a 

six    (6)    foot   basement. 


[PAGE  FIFTEEN] 


DOUBLE  DECK  SET-BACK  BOARDS 

G-6,  on  the  opposite  pages,  illustrates  the  proper  method  of  construction  for 
double  deck  boards  built  on  level  ground  and  in  deep  basements. 

It  will  be  noted  that  2x6's  are  shown  for  top  and  bottom  stringers;  also  the 
Kleiser  anchor  has  been  shown  in  preference  to  the  old  type  of  anchor.  The  use 
of  2x6  stringers  and  the  use  of  the  Kleiser  anchor  are  strongly  recommended  in 
order  to  meet  the  provisions  of  the  many  city  ordinances  which  require  that  a 
poster  board  withstand  a  lateral  wind  pressure  of  from  25  to  30  lbs.  per  square 
foot  of  exposed  surface. 


[P.\OE    SIXTEEN] 


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The  above   photograph   illustrates  the  method   of  construction   of  a   double   deck   board 

built  on  level  ground. 


tTAGE   T\VKNTY-OXi:i 


DOUBLE  DECK  FLUSH-FACE  BOARDS 

G-10  shows  a  plan  for  the  construction  of  a  double  deck  flush-face  board.  The 
use  of  this  type  of  board  is  being  discontinued,  the  set-back  double  deck  rapidly  tak- 
ing its  place.  The  plan  is  shown,  however,  for  those  who  may  desire  to  build  such 
boards,  but  the  material  for  such  boards  is  not  given  in  the  material  list.  Parti- 
cular note  should  be  taken  of  the  fact  that  the  plan  provides  for  the  use  of  an  an- 
chor 6  ft.  long,  in  place  of  the  usual  5  ft. ;  also  provides  that  the  posts  be  set  in  the 
ground  a  depth  of  4  ft.,  instead  of  the  usual  3  ft.  The  back  brace  is  made  of  two 
2x6's  running  from  the  anchor  to  a  point  opposite  the  middle  of  the  board. 


fPAGE   TWENTY-TWO] 


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^ee  7?ei(xil 


2  x4" 3waf/  5race 


OeouND  LEva  Bo^/^D  ■  4"-^^^^^ 


/OTr.  3mfAf£A/r.  J'sor/e 


t  k  k  *    J '*/"  P'^"  '°'  '^"^  construction  of  a  cjouble  deck  Hush-face  board.      I  he  use  of   this  type  of  board  is  being  discontinued,  the  set-back   double  deck   rapidly  taking  its  place.    The  plan  is  shown,  however,  for  those  who  may  desire  to  build  such  boards,  but  the  material 

tor  such  boards  is  not  given  in  the  material  list.     Particular  note  should  be  taken  of  the  fact    that  the  plan  provides  for  the  use  of  an  anchor  6  ft.   long,    in  place  of  the  usual   5    ft.;   also    provides  that  the  posts  be  set  in  the  ground  a  depth  of  4  ft.,  instead  of  the  usual  3  ft.     The 
back   brace   is  made   of   two   2x6-s   running   from  the  anchor  to  a  point  opposite  the  middle    of  the  board. 


i 


DOUBLE  DECK  SET-BACK  BOARDS 


Shown   above    is   a   photograph    illustrating  the  manner  of  construction  of  a  double  deck 

board  built  in  a  deep  basement. 


tr.VGK  TWEXTT-FIVKI 


MATERIAL  LIST 

On  the  opposite  page  are  tables  showing  the  material  required  for  boards  built 
on  level  ground  or  in  4  ft.,  6  ft.  or  10  ft.  basements  and  of  varying  lengths,  from 
25  to   100  ft. 

It  will  be  noted  in  the  accompanj'ing  table  that  2x6's  have  been  specified  for 
both  top  and  bottom  stringers.  Heretofore,  2x4's  have  had  a  large  general  use 
as  top  and  bottom  stringers,  but  more  recently  the  trend  has  been  for  wider  string- 
ers, which  provide  additional  strength  and  furnish  more  nailing  surface.  To  pro- 
vide a  strength  sufficient  to  withstand  a  wind  with  a  velocity  of  seventy-five  miles 
an  hour,  it  is  necessary  to  employ  2x6  stringers,  top  and  bottom,  and  for  this  rea- 
son they  are  specified  in  this  table  and  their  use  is  strongly  recommended. 

It  will  be  noted  that  provision  has  been  made  in  the  table  for  the  use  of  the 
Kleiser  anchor,  as  shown  in  plan  G-5.  Since  this  type  of  anchor  develops  a 
strength  equal  to  twice  that  of  the  old  style  anchor  at  an  equal  or  less  cost,  its 
use  is  strongly  recommended.  These  anchors  can  be  made  from  short  pieces  of 
post  material.  However,  it  is  a  very  simple  matter  for  those  w^ho  may  vs^ish  to  use 
2x4  stringers,  top  and  bottom,  and  the  old  type  of  anchor  to  make  these  changes 
in  the  table. 

Under  the  heading  "Single  Deck  Boards"  and  under  the  classification  of  "Ground 
Level,"  the  material  is  given  for  boards  from  25  to  100  ft.  in  length,  which  are 
built  on  level  ground,  the  bottom  of  the  capping  being  2  ft.  above  the  ground  and 
1 0  ft.  sections  being  used. 

To  obtain  from  the  table  the  material  required  for  a  50  ft.  single  deck  board 
built  on  level  ground,  look  first  for  the  table  headed  "Material  for  Single  Deck 
Boards."  On  the  left  margin  look  for  the  classification  "Ground  Level  Boards;  ' 
across  the  top  of  this  table  is  given  the  lengths  of  boards  in  multiples  of  five,  be- 
ginning with  25  ft.  Under  50  ft.  as  given  on  the  line  marked  "Length  of  Board" 
will  be  found  the  material  required.  For  instance,  the  first  figure  under  "50  ft." 
is  7;  reading  across  from  the  left,  this  will  be  "anchors,"  4x6  in.  by  5  ft. — seven 
is  the  number  required.  The  next  figure  under  seven  is  fourteen ;  reading  across 
from  the  left  under  "wedges,"  4x6  in.  by  1  ft. — fourteen  are  required.  By  con- 
tinuing  down   this   column,    the    following  material  will  be  found  to  be  necessary: 


Posts 

4x6   in. 

by 

16 

ft.        7 

Back  braces 

2x6     " 

15 

7 

Stringers 

2x4     " 

14 

2; 

and 

1, 

11 

ft. 

long 

Stringers 

2x6    " 

14 

"          4; 

and 

2. 

11 

ft. 

long 

Splices 

2x4    " 

4 

2 

Splices 

2x6    " 

4 

4 

Baseboard 

1x6    " 

9 

2; 

and 

2, 

16 

ft. 

long 

This  is  the  material  required  to  complete  the  framework  for  a  board  50  ft. 
long  built  on  level  ground,  the  bottom  capping  being  2  ft.  therefrom. 

Since  the  material  required  for  the  face  of  all  boards  of  the  same  length, 
whether  built  on  level  ground  or  in  basements  is  the  same,  to  avoid  repetition 
this  material  has  been  listed  at  the  bottom  of  the  table  marked  "Material  for  Single 
Deck  Boards."  Under  the  classification  of  "Facing"  will  be  found  the  required 
amount  of  top  moulding,  bottom  moulding,  sections,  head-board,  bottom  capping, 
top  capping,  end  capping  and  pilasters. 


LPAGE   TWENTV-SIX] 


Matei^ial  ¥or  I  Single 


Deck'  3oard5 


BrA 


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Size  of  mei^ifr 

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rider  l'ena''h 
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'irrr^'v^- 


MATERIAL  LIST 

It  can  be  readily  understood  that  the  material  given  for  boards  in  4,  6  and  10 
ft.  basements  is  the  same  material  that  is  required  for  boards  which  may  be  built 
on  level  ground,  but  w^hich  are  raised  6.  8  and  I  2  ft.  above  the  ground.  In  other 
words,  the  material  for  a  ground  level  board  provides  for  the  board  to  be  raised  2 
ft.  above  the  ground;  the  material  for  a  board  in  a  4  ft.  basement  provides  for  the 
board  to  be  raised  2  ft.  above  the  sidewalk  or  6  ft.  above  the  ground.  In  the  case 
of  the  material  for  a  6  ft.  basement,  the  table  provides  for  the  erection  of  a  board, 
the  bottom  of  which  is  2  ft.  above  the  sidewalk  or  8  ft.  above  the  ground;  the 
material  for  a  1  0  ft.  basement  similarly  provides  materials  for  a  board,  the  bottom 
of  which  is  1  2  ft.  above  the  ground. 

The  material  for  double  deck  boards  with  the  upper  deck  set  back  3  ft.  will 
be  found  in  the  table  marked  "Double  Deck  Boards,"  the  same  form  being  used 
as  in  the  case  of  single  deck  boards,  with  the  exception  that  the  material  for  the 
platform  between  the  upper  and  lower  decks  is  given  in  a  separate  table,  bearing 
the    heading    "Upper    Deck    Platform." 

It  is  often  necessary  to  build  a  rail  fence  around  lots  and  in  the  table  marked 
"Rail  Fence"  is  given  the  material  required  for  a  rail  fence  three  feet  high  with 
4x4  posts  at  8  ft.  centers  and  with  a  2x4  top  member  resting  on  the  posts  and  two 
I  x6   rails. 


ir.VUK   TWIC.NTY-.N'INEJ 


SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  SINGLE  DECK  BOARD  BUILT  ON  SOLID  ROCK 

FOUNDATION 


ANCHOR 


ROCK 
DRILLING 


UPRIGHT 

UPPER 
STRUCTURE 


Anchor  used  to  be  forged  out  of  3x^  in.  iron,  8  in.  long,  and 
then  tapered   to    3;^    jn.    square   and   barbed   on  edges. 

Rock  to  be  drilled,  leaving  a  1  in.  hole  in  diameter,  9  in.  deep; 
set  anchor  in  same,  then  fill  balance  of  space  with  melted  lead 
and   cork  tight. 

Bottom  of  upright  should  be  cut  to  rock  level,  and  then  cross 
brace   to   be   bolted    to   anchor  with    three    (3)     flj    in.    cross   bolts. 

Follow  regulation  construction. 


[PAGE   THIRTV] 


BOARD  ON  ROCK  FOUNDATION 

This    illustration    indicates    the    proper   method  of  construction  where 
the  earth  formation  is  solid  rock. 


D&TAlL-,SHOUJl(VIG 


PieuATion-of- 

■TyP!^ALBEA<:e 


_J 


rr.\nr;  thiutv-<)Xi;i 


BOARD  ON  MARSHY  GROUND 

This    illustration    indicates    the    proper   method  of  construction  where 
the  earth  formation  is  marshy  land. 


vvi 


Q 
V 

X 

a. 
0 

UJnL 
Q.I 

,  z 

(Oj 

to 


w 


2-xS     CAP 


to 


INHERE  GKOU/~ID  /3   7-00  SOFT  f=OR 

SiHOL^  ■^''<G-j</orr  PILES  AS  Shown 
■^'j/e'x /orr:  p/tes  as  jllust/^^teo 


ro  ar   Too  SO^T  f=0/^  SOLlO 
OeAff/f^a  O^  A  S/iWGLC 

U'/^iv  or  rffAMS;  sp^/ci^ 
O/v  y</~/orHeK     -^'xe'Ji/on 
V5  /<c^ usT/TAreo  He/ve: 


/C/Vi»A'  A  STffo^ar/?  A/~^CHOif 
roff  THC  z- xs-x /e^r  BRACC- 
AT  ffCAff   OF    FFAHe    '5    TMOi/Ofl. 

/^EcessARy,  use  co/v^r/wc- 

T/o/-/   SHOyVI-^  MER^- 


•3 IDE  View  of/^i^ame 


(PAGE   THIRTY-TWO] 


SPECIFICATION  FOR  DOUBLE  DECK  BOARD  ON  PROPERTY  WHERE 
ONLY  5  FEET  OF  LAND  FOR  BRACING  IS  AVAILABLE 

(Shown  on  next  page) 


DIGGING  OF 
TRENCH 

REAR 
BRACING 


Dig  trench  in  ground   8   ft.   long.   2   ft.   wide  and   6   ft.   deep. 

Build  rear  truss,  or  bracing,  of  4x6  in.  uprights,  front  and  rear; 
then  place  diagonal  and  longitudinal  braces  in  position,  same  to 
be  2x4  in. ;  set  completed  brace  into  trench,  level  same,  then  fill 
in  with  cinder,  or  sand  and  gravel  concrete,  proportion  two  (2) 
parts  to   one    (  1  )    part   cement. 

Proceed    building    face   of   structure    as   per   regulation. 

Rear  of  structure  to  have  longitudinal  bracing  2x4  to  be  placed 
at  every  connection,  in  order  to  avoid  distortion;  then  place 
diagonal    bracing   at    alternate   planes. 


rr.VOR   TUirvTY-TIirtKKl 


BOARD  WITH  TOWER  BRACING 

This    illustration    indicates    the   proper   method  of  construction  where 

braces  are  impossible. 


-l?)©UBLe-Df:^K- 
•B0ARD-BU1LT- 

1 5- available:-      : 


DETAIL  0/O05r- 
^ETinQ3n^T^ETE- 


«^r9J90E-  le-J^t 


'  CjM^£^CjiAa:Xj^S- 


~/^ffVt — 


LPAGK   THIUTY-FUUU] 


STANDARD  CORNER  CONSTRUCTION 


.Above  IS  shown  the  proper  manner  of  finishing  the  corner  where  two  boards  join,  the 
grades  of  which  vary  to  a  considerable  extent.  It  will  be  noted  from  the  photograph  that 
the  moulding  is  run  through  to  a  joint  on  the  plumb  line  and  sheet  metal  is  bent  to  define 
a    sharp    corner    and    set    between    the    pilasters,    the    corner    being    shown    as    plumb. 


nwuio  tiiii;tv-kivi:i 


ROOF  BOARDS 

On  the  adjoining  pages  are  shown  plans  for  the  construction  of  both  wooden  and 
steel  bulletin  boards  which  can  be  readily  erected  on  the  average  roof.  The  plan 
for  the  wooden  frame  calls  for  similar  construction  to  that  used  for  ground  boards, 
only  the  anchorage  in  particular  being  different.  The  plan  of  the  steel  frame  is 
identical  in  type  and  with  the  exception  of  the  sway  bracing,  is  merely  a  sub- 
stitution of  steel  members  for  w^ooden  members. 

The  4x6  sills  running  parallel  with  the  board  serve  to  distribute  the  load  and 
although  they  may  appear  to  be  unnecessary,  usually  are  a  wise  means  to  pre- 
vent vibration  and  consequently,   leaks  in  the  roof. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  bolts  which  secure  the  4x6  cross-stringers  to  the  raft- 
ers are  placed  in  such  a  way  as  to  permit  them  to  be  readily  flashed  with  hot  as- 
phalt or  other  waterproofing  material.  Experience  has  shown  that  where  a  bolt 
passes  through  a  timber  lying  directly  on  the  roof  and  then  immediately  through 
the  water-tight  roofing,  it  is  nearly  always  the  source  of  a  leak,  for  reason  of  the 
inaccessibility  of  the  bolt,  furthered  by  the  fact  that  the  water  has  a  tendency  to 
follow  along  the  side  of  a  timber  lying  directly  on  the  roof,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
such  a  timber  usually  interferes  with  the  natural  drainage  on  the  roof.  It  will  be 
noted  that  the  bolts,  front  and  rear,  pass  through  the  roof  and  through  a  4x4 
timber  which  crosses  under  at  least  two  rafters.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that 
a  roof  board  has  the  same  tendency  to  pull  up  the  roof  at  the  point  where  the 
back  brace  is  fastened  as  does  the  brace  on  a  ground  board  to  pull  up  the  anchor. 
The  nuts  on  the  bolts  through  the  roof  in  all  cases  should  be  drawn  up  very  tight- 
ly, as  the  vibration  of  a  roof  due  to  loose  connections  will  soon  break  the  water- 
proof coating  and  leaks  will  immediately  ensue.  The  vibration  of  boards  and 
roofs  on  locations  which  are  in  nowise  protected  from  the  wind  can  be  materially 
relieved  by  the  use  of  cables  secured  to  the  top  of  the  board  and  fastened  to 
fire-walls  or  secured  to  other  anchorage.     Their  use  is  strongly  recommended. 

Particular  attention  should  be  given  to  the  sway  bracing  of  all  roof  signs  to 
provide  for  their  rigidity  w^hen  the  wind  strikes  the  boards  at  an  angle.  There 
is  a  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  plant  owners  to  brace  their  boards,  both  roof  and 
ground  boards,  to  provide  only  for  the  wind  striking  directly  against  the  face  or 
the  back.  The  lack  of  sway  bracing  is  a  dangerous  omission  and  such  sway  braces 
as  are  shown  in  the  plan  should  be  employed. 


[PAGE   THIRTY-SIX] 


>//$>/'' 


-4''.4-'  cfossina  under  ftiv  rafters- 

•Bent  For  Roof-  scaiei-i-a- 

TT -U- 


13 


Rafter-j 


--      -        u[ 


I 
4^ 


R'a/fi 


=3=1,!= 


-t-r- 


•  P/IRT   Pl/^N  -Looking 


UP. 


8-Ojhouf 


Spacintj    o'f     Bents    about  3-0' cerrl^r  To  center 


^  na/l  mih  ^  ■^-  /Z  each  s/a^j..^.^. 


jSheafh/n^-^^, ' 


Pe/jr    El  £Mr/ON 


I 


■jf' Zander  ftro  ra/t'en 


7 


-_--"" /€;//^ 


-4*4  irass/n^  unc/er  tmp 


rafters 


ifysha-j'on  a//  Bo/ts 


'Roof    /1nCH0R/I6E    DET/JIL-  5ca/e  /"-/-O. 


n?r  3<xra  of  89. 10 II  or  ii  Bents  Brace  center  and  en:^  panels. 
Fiy  Board   cf  S.4S ^  Or  7  Berrts   Brace  end  panels  onlu. 


^r/naer-j 


.rir/itl 


Sfri'^f^-} 


^ 


^. 


JtnrT^r-^ 


3^naer-y 


ftrf/ift 


Jf>7f7^fr:i 


\ 


Pl^n  of 
Roof  Bomo- 


-.SR/^dNG  or  WOOD    n?^fY7£ ■ 


si^/^CiNS  or  srrci.  ri?/ifyrr 


NOT£     /?c>of  musf  not  i>e  i^ntken  except  h-  pass^^e  of  i'ivlfs, 
trhicti  muil    ffe   fharoi/anli^'  /laslJei^ 
Drama fe  of  roof  must  mi  be  oiafructed  encept  l>y  f.  H' lyecf^es  j/rotfn 


.Stringei — 7 


Al   Smry   Braart^    connections  -  l-e  Bolt 


■'4*^'4-  unc^r    /ffT?    ra/ferj  . 


3*^^fr/nger 


ii-'i}'ii 

Sfay  Brace  £ 


'Bent   fok  RooF'Scaiei:'/-o- 

A/OT£-  /Jnchora^e  tt>  t?oof  same  as  stmvn  aiare. 


STANDARD  CORNER  CONSTRUCTION 
DOUBLE  DECK  BOARD 


The   above   illustration    shows   the    manner  in   which   the  corners   on   a  double  deck   set- 
back board  may  be  finished  in  a  neat  and  simple  way. 


[PAGE  FORTY-ONE] 


f$: 


^1 


Jt 


II 


>>•)- 


STANDARD  PILASTER  No.   1 


'Side  ^ie^- 

•'j3H0mN6  End  P/LflSTER' 


Se/en 
^  yride 


Z '■4'  Capping 


^ 


'  £L£i^/lTION   or  • 
-  Inte/^medi^te  PiLRSTER' 


Section  or  Pil/^steR' 


/eeqa/a^/on  MM  cut  to  ^jf  oi^er   mold/n^  of  hoard 


irs  made    se/xirvfe   and 
/rrferchon^eai'/e  -  Top  8~  Bottom 


Sca/eM'=/-0'- 


'  SfTcr/o^y  a.- a 


LPAGE   FURTY-TWO] 


STANDARD  PILASTER  No.  1 


*-y-iUjiiUJi4Lij^ 


It  will  be  noted  that  the  pilaster  shown  above  differs  from  the  other  three  standard 
designs  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  it  has  no  base.  A  base  may  be  added,  however,  if  de- 
sired. 

When  used  without  a  base,  -it  is  readily  adaptable  to  any  bulletin  board  no  matter  what 
height  the  same  is  above  the  ground.  It  is  also  readily  adaptable  to  use  on  double  deck 
boards,  and  as  may  be  judged  from  the  accompanying  photographs,  a  bulletin  board  finish- 
ed with   these   pilasters  is  given   a  most   attractive  finish. 

These  pilasters  are  made  in  a  very  simple  way  and  all  short,  scrap  pieces  of  regula- 
tion moulding  may  be  used  in  making  the  caps  for  same. 

This  is  one  of  the   four  standard   types  of  pilasters  adopted   by  the  Association. 


IIWGK    FUKTV-THIIEEI 


STANDARD  PILASTER  No.  2 


A  J 


The  pilaster  shown  above  is  one  of  the  four  designs  adopted  by  the  Outdoor  Advertis- 
ing Association.  On  the  opposite  page  is  reproduced  a  line  drawing,  showing  the  manner  of 
construction  and  the  way  in  which  it  is  attached  to  the  board. 

These  pilasters,  it  will  be  noted  from  the  photograph,  give  a  board  a  very  pleasing 
appearance,    and    if   kept   well    painted,    v/ill    prove  an  attraction  to  any  plant. 


tPAGK   FOnTY-FOUrO 


STANDARD  PILASTER  No.   2 


J.*  itrffe, 


ica^f   J/tf^~.f'~o" 


De/a//i   of  De  Zaxe  Co/) 


f^u//  5/ze 
Cross  Sec//o/ts 


DOUBLE  DECK  FLUSH-FACE  BOARD 


Above  is  an  illustration   of  a  double  deck,  flush-face  board,  showing  the  use  of  pilasters 

on  both  upper  and  lower  decks. 


irAi_;K   FuUTY-SEVKN] 


STANDARD  PILASTER  No.  3 


,\\^/A\ 


\ 


/2' 


X 


< 


< 


< 


■^ 


^1, 


Top  made  separate 
I  ^'''  and  set  on  Capping 


s  < iA N '.nv '<^vv \ ^.<nU/mv^ ^^y^y -'a^ \j//s^f/^iK^/^^\\y'/\^'/i\ v'^^^w/' a.j, vx<\yt u^^sj-'' 'Ks^/t^ \/^^ \ 'ycy^x 


5iPE  \/iEh^-  -Ele/zition-  OF-  'Sect/on  or  P/L/JSTER- 

'5H0mN6-END PlL/15TER-    ■  JnTERMEDI/JTE  P/LflSTER-  Jcak:§.~^/'0' 

The  above  illustration  shows  one  of  four  designs  adopted  by  the  Association,  and  how 
attractive  a  board  may  be  made  by  the  use  of  such  pilasters,  the  construction  of  which  is 
shown  on   the  opposite  page. 

These  pilasters  are  of  very  simple  construction  and  can  be  fastened  to  any  standard 
board   with   very   little  work. 


[P.VGE   FORTY-EIOHT] 


STANDARD  PILASTER  No.  4 


mrti±tmfn^/!  to  J>e  made  se/>an3tr 


>v;:\!vV'in'.w/-'M.\'-. 


•5lDE    l/lEW   '  '  £^L£//7r/OA/  OF^  'S£CT/ON  OF  P/L/^STER' 

* ^HOwiNo  £np  Pilaster-  'Intermedi/ite  PjiffsrER*  'S^aJe:i- /■-(?: 

Above  is  shown  a  photograph  of  a  round  pilaster  which  has  been  in  use  for  some  time, 
and  which  has  been  adopted  by  the  Association  as  one  of  the  four  standard  designs.  These 
pilasters,  although  somewhat  difficult  of  construction,  and  possibly  somewhat  more  expen- 
sive than  the  other  standard  designs,  are  a  very  attractive  ornament  to  a  painted  bulletin 
board. 


[PAr.K   KOUTV-NINE] 


ANCHOR  TESTS 

On  page  Fifty-one  is  shown  a  suggested  method  for  testing  the  relative  strengths 
of  different  types  of  anchors.  The  plan  shown  does  not  provide  for  any  measure- 
ment of  the  stress  required  to  cause  failure  in  any  anchor,  but  does  provide  a 
means  whereby  the  old  standard  anchor  may  be  tested  against  any  suggested  types 
in  the  nature  of  an  experiment.  In  testing  the  relative  strengths  of  different  an- 
chors, it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  strength  of  any  anchor  is  directly  depend- 
ent upon  the  soil  in  w^hich  it  is  imbedded,  consequently,  all  tests  should  be  made  in 
such  a  way  as  to  provide  the  same  soil  for  imbedding  the  opposing  anchors.  Ex- 
haustive tests  made  by  members  of  the  Association  have  gone  to  show  that  of 
the  loose  soils,  sand  offers  the  greatest  resistance.  An  anchor  imbedded  wholly 
in  sand  is  found  to  be  stronger  than  an  anchor  imbedded  in  a  sandy  soil  but  sur- 
rounded by  crushed  rock.  This  proved  true  in  both  the  case  of  the  old  style  an- 
chor and  the  Kleiser  type.  Anchors  set  in  brick-bats  showed  the  least  strength 
of  any  tested.  In  the  plan  provision  is  made  for  the  use  of  two  anchors  of  any 
type  on  one  side  to  test  the  strength  of  any  one  anchor  on  the  opposite  side,  if  the 
conditions  warrant  the  same. 


[PAGE  FIFTY] 


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Sr/  /hc/ion  ahout4Ff<^ 


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[PAGE  FIFTY-ONE] 


PAINT  REMOVAL  RACK 

In  the  plan,  as  shown  on  page  Fifty-three,  of  the  rack  for  holding  sections  from 
which  paint  is  to  be  beaten,  it  will  be  noted  that  the  frame  is  to  be  of  rigid  con- 
struction, which  prevents  the  racking  and  distorting  of  the  section  during  the 
process.  The  usual  method  employed  is  to  place  the  section  on  the  rack,  and  then 
beat  the  face  of  the  same  with  the  tool  shown  on  the  plan.  Care  should  be  taken 
that  the  section  is  not  beaten  too  hard.  The  paint  which  does  not  flake  off  under 
the  blows  of  the  tool  may  be  readily  scraped  off  with  the  chisel  point  of  same.  This 
chisel  point  should  be  kept  well  sharpened  to  facilitate  rapid  work.  As  shown  on 
opposite  page  the  tool  is  made  from  a  piece  of  medium  steel  of  1  Yz'^Vs  inch  mater- 
ial and  bent  to  make  an  offset  at  the  handle  of  2 J/2  inches,  which  keeps  the  hand 
clear  when  the  tool  is  used  to  beat  the  section.  The  handle  is  made  of  two  pieces 
of  wood  which  are  held  in  place  by  a  winding  of  electricians  tape. 


[P.\GE   FIFTT-TWO] 


PAINT  REMOVAL  RACK 


/«•/»»«■   ««P  HOLDINO  SECTIONS    ITHILC  l?C:MOfll\IS  OlD  P/I/NT 


ll'AGE    I"II"TY-THREEJ 


OFFICERS 

OF   THE 

OUTDOOR  ADVERTISING  ASSOCIATION 

GEORGE 

J.   SHERER   President 

NORTHERN     DISPLAY     ADVERTISING     CO. 

MINNEAPOLIS,     MINN. 

GEORGE 

FITCH Secretary 

130    SOUTH     HUDSON    AVE. 

ALBANY,    N.    Y. 

SAMUEL 

PRATT       Treasurer 

NEWARK    SIGN    CO. 

NEWARK.    N.    J. 

JOHN    S. 

HUMMER           Attorney 

69   WEST    WASHINGTON    STREET 

CHICAGO,    ILL. 

THOMAS 

CUSACK   CO.  Clearing    House 

HARRISON    AND    LOOMIS    STREETS 

CHICAGO,     ILL. 

[PAGE  FIFTY-FOUR] 


s^ 


I 


